Staking and Unstaking in Dynamic TAO
This page refers to the nature of staking and unstaking operations in the Dynamic TAO model, which is a planned evoluation of the Bittensor network.
Staking is always local to a subnet. Each subnet has a reserve of TAO and a reserve of its currency, referred to in general as its alpha () currency. Stake is held in token denominations.
As a TAO holder you will stake to a validator’s hotkey (as previously), but now you select a subnet to stake to them within.
When you stake:
- First, your TAO stake goes into the subnet's TAO reserve.
- Then, subnet pool algorithm uses the exchange rate and calculates the equivalent units of , for the TAO that was just added to the TAO reserve side. This amount of is taken out of the alpha reserve of the pool and is sent to the validator’s hotkey.
- The validator’s hotkey holds the . The sum of stake among all hotkeys is referred as outstanding for that subnet.
When you unstake:
- When you issue an unstake command,
btcli stake remove, and specify the units of token you want to unstake, this is first taken out of the validator’s hotkey and added to the reserves of the subnet pool. - The subnet pool algorithm then applies the latest exchange rate and calculates the equivalent TAO units for the token units that were just added to the reserves of the pool.
- These equivalent TAO units are then taken out of the TAO reserves of the subnet pool and are sent to the TAO holder’s coldkey.
In dynamic TAO, except for the stake held in subnet zero, the stake held by a hotkey in a subnet is always expressed in the subnet-specific units and not TAO units.
To follow along, install the Dynamic TAO-enabled release candidate of the Bittensor command line interface btcli, by running:
pip install bittensor-cli==8.2.0rc10
View subnet currency reserves
To see the list of subnets and their currencies, run:
btcli subnet list
You should see something like the following output. Notice that next to the subnets Netuid and Name is the subnet's token Price (τ_in/α_in), which, as indicated, is a ratio of the TAO in reserve τ_in to alpha in reserve α_in.
Subnets
Network: test
┃ ┃ Price ┃ Market Cap ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
Netuid ┃ Name ┃ (τ_in/α_in) ┃ (α * Price) ┃ Emission (τ) ┃ P (τ_in, α_in) ┃ Stake (α_out) ┃ Supply (α) ┃ Tempo (k/n)
━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━
0 │ τ tau │ 1.0000 τ/Τ │ τ 5.01m │ τ 0.0000 │ -, - │ Τ 2.92m │ 5.01m Τ /21M │ -/-
119 │ Ⲃ vidac │ 0.2462 τ/Ⲃ │ τ 14.43k │ τ 0.0526 │ τ 873.55, 3.55k Ⲃ │ 55.07k Ⲃ │ 58.61k Ⲃ /21M │ 23/99
250 │ ኤ unknown │ 0.0586 τ/ኤ │ τ 3.43k │ τ 0.0258 │ τ 427.54, 7.30k ኤ │ 51.32k ኤ │ 58.61k ኤ /21M │ 54/99
277 │ इ muv │ 0.0588 τ/इ │ τ 3.27k │ τ 0.0066 │ τ 109.83, 1.87k इ │ 53.67k इ │ 55.54k इ /21M │ 81/99
255 │ ዉ unknown │ 0.0446 τ/ዉ │ τ 2.62k │ τ 0.0488 │ τ 810.66, 18.16k ዉ │ 40.46k ዉ │ 58.61k ዉ /21M │ 59/99
1 │ α alpha │ 0.0290 τ/α │ τ 1.70k │ τ 0.0337 │ τ 559.80, 19.32k α │ 39.27k α │ 58.59k α /21M │ 5/99
117 │ Ⲁ alfa │ 0.0258 τ/Ⲁ │ τ 1.51k │ τ 0.0273 │ τ 452.36, 17.55k Ⲁ │ 41.06k Ⲁ │ 58.61k Ⲁ /21M │ 21/99
...
View a subnet's nodes
btcli subnet show --netuid 119
Netuid: 119
Using the specified network test from config
Subnet 119: vidac
Network: test
UID ┃ Stake (Ⲃ) ┃ Alpha (Ⲃ) ┃ Tao (τ) ┃ Dividends ┃ Incentive ┃ Emissions (Ⲃ) ┃ Hotkey ┃ Coldkey ┃ Identity
━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
101 │ 5.03k Ⲃ │ 5.03k Ⲃ │ τ 0.00 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58163 Ⲃ │ 5FRxKz │ 5FRxKz │ Owner119 (*Owner)
80 │ 18.72k Ⲃ │ 18.72k Ⲃ │ τ 0.00 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5CtaFa │ 5H13H4 │ ~
45 │ 16.87k Ⲃ │ 9.57k Ⲃ │ τ 7.30k │ 0.30140 │ 0.0000 │ 35.62095 Ⲃ │ 5FCPTn │ 5D2d3Y │ ~
21 │ 9.46k Ⲃ │ 9.46k Ⲃ │ τ 1.81 │ 0.17008 │ 0.0065 │ 20.10072 Ⲃ │ 5CFZ9x │ 5H13H4 │ ~
22 │ 777.12 Ⲃ │ 775.31 Ⲃ │ τ 1.81 │ 0.01837 │ 0.0096 │ 2.17105 Ⲃ │ 5HbYLL │ 5H13H4 │ ~
97 │ 682.43 Ⲃ │ 558.57 Ⲃ │ τ 123.86 │ 0.01674 │ 0.0096 │ 1.97877 Ⲃ │ 5CorGT │ 5Cqiai │ ~
81 │ 362.15 Ⲃ │ 360.35 Ⲃ │ τ 1.80 │ 0.01112 │ 0.0097 │ 1.31442 Ⲃ │ 5HBK4F │ 5H13H4 │ ~
26 │ 120.37 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 9.31 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5Ct14B │ 5GEeMQ │ ~
94 │ 118.54 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 7.48 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58163 Ⲃ │ 5D2nW1 │ 5D9to6 │ ~
4 │ 118.48 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 7.42 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5CDZVv │ 5Ff9GG │ ~
32 │ 116.68 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 5.62 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5EARqJ │ 5CtBA6 │ ~
33 │ 116.09 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 5.03 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5CeoYQ │ 5GKVqx │ ~
39 │ 114.02 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 2.96 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5DekuZ │ 5GHSq9 │ ~
6 │ 111.87 Ⲃ │ 111.06 Ⲃ │ τ 0.81 │ 0.00492 │ 0.0098 │ 0.58162 Ⲃ │ 5EUyUT │ 5G9RAF │ ~
Stake into a node
Use btcli stake add to stake to a validator on a subnet. You'll be prompted to choose a subnet and validator, as well as specify an amount of TAO to stake into the validator's hotkey as alpha.
btcli stake add
Enter the netuid to use. Leave blank for all netuids: 117
Enter the wallet name (PracticeKey!):
Enter the wallet hotkey name or ss58 address to stake to (or Press Enter to view delegates):
Using the specified network test from config
Subnet 117: alfa
Network: test
# ┃ UID ┃ Stake (Ⲁ) ┃ Alpha (Ⲁ) ┃ Tao (τ) ┃ Dividends ┃ Incentive ┃ Emissions (Ⲁ) ┃ Hotkey ┃ Coldkey ┃ Identity
━━━╇━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1 │ 4 │ 5.16k Ⲁ │ 5.16k Ⲁ │ τ 0.00 │ 0.00000 │ 0.0000 │ 0.00000 Ⲁ │ 5G9pfx │ 5G9pfx │ (*Owner controlled)
2 │ 0 │ 0.20 Ⲁ │ 0.00 Ⲁ │ τ 0.20 │ 0.00000 │ 0.0000 │ 0.00000 Ⲁ │ 5GCTbn │ 5G9pfx │ (*Owner controlled)
3 │ 2 │ 39.32k Ⲁ │ 32.02k Ⲁ │ τ 7.30k │ 1.00000 │ 0.0000 │ 73.85240 Ⲁ │ 5FCPTn │ 5D2d3Y │ ~
4 │ 5 │ 4.44k Ⲁ │ 4.44k Ⲁ │ τ 0.00 │ 0.00000 │ 0.0000 │ 0.00000 Ⲁ │ 5CtaFa │ 5H13H4 │ ~
5 │ 3 │ 0.00 Ⲁ │ 0.00 Ⲁ │ τ 0.00 │ 0.00000 │ 0.0000 │ 0.00000 Ⲁ │ 5GTzwV │ 5Gxcfw │ ~
6 │ 1 │ 0.00 Ⲁ │ 0.00 Ⲁ │ τ 0.00 │ 0.00000 │ 0.0000 │ 0.00000 Ⲁ │ 5C8Hop │ 5EyVeu │ ~
───┼─────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────────────────
│ │ 48.92k Ⲁ │ 41.62k Ⲁ │ 7.30k Ⲁ │ 1.000 │ │ 73.8524 Ⲁ │ │ │
View your current stakes
Use btcli stake list to view your currently held stakes. For each validator you have staked, you'll see how much stake you currently hold on each subnet.
Stake is held in alpha, but note that value at the current price is also displayed, along with the computed Swap value and slippage rate of the current holdings.
Hotkey: 5GEXJdUXxLVmrkaHBfkFmoodXrCSUMFSgPXULbnrRicEt1kK
Network: test
See below for an explanation of the columns
┃ ┃ Value ┃ ┃ Price ┃ ┃ ┃ Emission
Netuid ┃ Name ┃ (α x τ/α) ┃ Stake (α) ┃ (τ_in/α_in) ┃ Swap (α -> τ) ┃ Registered ┃ (α/block)
━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━
250 │ ኤ unknown │ τ 18.38 │ 602.14 ኤ │ 0.0305 τ/ኤ │ τ 17.96 (2.287%) │ YES │ 0.0000 ኤ
119 │ Ⲃ vidac │ τ 13.72 │ 98.73 Ⲃ │ 0.1390 τ/Ⲃ │ τ 13.61 (0.815%) │ YES │ 0.0000 Ⲃ
────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼───────────
2 │ │ τ 32.10 │ │ │ τ 31.57 │ │
Press Enter to continue to the next hotkey...